
by Paul Yanko
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First,
you gas up the troops (l to r) John, Don, Anne and Dave Bashutski. |
The end of summer in Saskatchewan brings a number of dramatic changes.
Green leaves turn to fiery red, orange and yellow, and the once
seemingly-endless hours of daylight give way to twilight and darkness
far too soon after supper.
For farmers, this season represents the culmination of a year's
work, a time when the bulk of the annual income is made or lost.
It's harvest time.
This year, from my perspective, there'll be another dramatic change.
I've been given a chance to plunk my butt on a $180,000 John Deere
combine and view harvest from the driver's seat. As a city kid with
no background in farming whatsoever, it should be interesting.
Don Bashutski rolls up to my house shortly after 8 a.m. in an old,
beat-up, half-ton truck. The old half-ton is the vehicle of choice
among farmers. It can be used to haul anything from fuel to fencing,
and it's durable and easy to repair. It's the perfect vehicle for
the rigors of farm work.
"Good morning Pauloosh," Don shouts in his typically upbeat tone.
"Did I get you out of bed?" he laughs.
(For the record, he didn't. My young daughter Ashleigh usually
handles that task at about 7 a.m., weekend or not.)
The sky above is clear and blue, and a stiff breeze buffets my
face as I slide onto the smooth-worn vinyl seat of the half-ton
and clear a place for my feet among an assortment of tools, work
gloves and rags.
As we drive west out of Lestock, a town of about 250 people located
140 kilometres (about 90 miles) northeast of Regina, I notice some
menacing black clouds in the southwestern sky. Rain is the last
thing a farmer wants to see during the harvest.
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Don
looks after the care and nurturing of the John Deere. |
We arrive at Don’s parent’s farm 15 minutes later. John and Anne
Bashutski are sitting at the kitchen table sipping coffee while
their youngest son, Dave, nibbles toast. Don, who was 44 at time of writing, is the second-oldest
of 10 children and the only one who regularly works the family’s
seven quarters of land (one quarter is a quarter mile by a quarter-mile
square, or 160 acres). His dad still chips in, as well.
Anne immediately offers up toast, eggs, cereal, fruit, homemade
buns, jams, juice and coffee. The coffee maker, which likely hasn't
seen a moment's rest in two weeks, sits steaming nearby. Food --
coffee definitely included -- is the fuel farmers need to maintain
the hectic pace that harvest demands. It's always available in great
quantity.
Breakfast is eaten at a surprisingly leisurely pace, with plenty
of jokes and stories swapped. I'm told we can't begin combining
until the sun has been up for several hours, enough time to dry
the dew off the crop. Makes sense, I guess; you can't cut the lawn
when it's wet.
Things may be delayed even longer today because, as we eat, those
ugly black clouds I spotted earlier have moved overhead and it's
beginning to rain. It's strange what a blessing or bane rain can
be, depending on the time of year. Don, and I suspect most farmers,
has come to terms with this.
"There's nothing you can do about the weather, so why beat yourself
up over it."
Fortunately, the rain quickly passes. After we load diesel fuel
into a tank in the truck's box, we hop into the vehicle for the
short drive to the field. It's about 10 a.m.
The first thing that strikes me as we approach the combine is its
size. This 1991 John Deere Model 9600 is about four metres high
(13 feet) and more than 9 metres long (30 feet).
After Don greases a few key joints on the behemoth, I follow him
up five steps into the cab. I'm surprised there's actually a second
seat, albeit a slightly smaller one, to accommodate a passenger.
With a turn of the key the engine comes to life.
The cab offers a commanding view of our surroundings through its
large, curved windshield. It also gives us a close-up view of the
"header", the part of the combine that actually cuts the crop. This
particular header, the biggest available, cuts a swath nearly 11
metres wide (36 feet). But the big boy adds $25,000 to the cost
of the combine.
The instrumentation and controls seem remarkably simple. One main
"stick" functions as a throttle, and the stick features two switches
to control the height of the header and the "bats". The bats are
the rotating bars that hold the crop upright and help feed it into
the combine, once the blades on the header have cut it.
Three digital gauges situated in a pillar on the right side of
the windshield indicate fuel, engine temperature, and the amount
of crop being lost in the chaff, the discarded plant stalks ejected
out the back of the combine. A fourth gauge can be set to one of
four readings, including engine revolutions and speed. Several buttons
on a console to the right of the driver are used to engage or disengage
conveyor belts, the parking brake, or to control lights and air
conditioning.
A combine is basically a fancy lawn mower. It collects the seeds
of the crop it cuts by forcing them through a very small space,
next to what's called the "concave" -- the process is similar to
crushing the shell of a peanut by rolling it back and forth between
the palms of your hands.
The seed-sifting space next to the concave can be made larger or
smaller, depending upon the size of the grain being harvested. Once
separated from the rest of the plant, the seeds fall through holes
onto a conveyor and are saved in the combine's "hopper". What remains
of the plant (the chaff) is carried toward the rear of the combine
on "straw walkers", before being spit out onto the ground.
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That
old scythe and flail business must have been a pain. |
This hopper can hold about 225 bushels (about 8,200 litres) of
seed before it must be emptied. A high-capacity auger transfers
the contents of the hopper to the box of a waiting grain truck in
about two minutes. The crop, on this day it's flax (used to make
vegetable oils and linseed oil for paint as well as printer's ink
and paper) is then augered into a bin for storage.
Saskatchewan produces 10 per cent of all the world's exported wheat.
In a province with just over a million people, there are 60,000
farms, averaging 420 hectares apiece (just over 1,000 acres -- a
little more than 1.6 square miles). With a growing diversification
into industries like food processing, high-tech, manufacturing and
tourism, Saskatchewan's dependence on agriculture is not what it
used to be. Still, 15 per cent of the province's workforce is employed
in agriculture, and Saskatchewan has 44 per cent of Canada's total
cultivated land.
Seems Don and I are barely underway and it's time for lunch. After
a 45-minute-food break, we combine through the day without incident,
unless you consider a malfunctioning air conditioner an "incident".
It's still windy, but the temperature outside the cab has risen
into the low 30s Celsius (about 90 degrees Fahrenheit). The cab
is surrounded by plexiglass and it feels like Don and I are in a
sauna.
We joke about how modern equipment has spoiled us -- air conditioning,
to an old-timer, meant taking your hat off so the wind could blow
through your hair.
"Things are a lot easier today," says Don.
I realize just how hot it is inside the cab when I open the door
to go remove a rock from the header and feel "chilled" by the air
that blasts me as I exit. But this is harvest time; Don can't afford
to have the combine sitting idle for the five hours it would take
to repair and recharge the air conditioning system. He grabs a can
of air freshener (lilac scent) and with a couple short bursts inside
the cab, he pronounces us fit to continue.
We traverse the same field all day long. There's no set pattern,
you simply work around the sloughs and brush. Crop that's laying
down as a result of wind or rain is approached from the direction
in which it is leaning.
Don and I talk about many different things, from alien abduction
to weather. The time it takes to complete a field varies by weather,
type of crop and terrain. Stones can clog and damage the equipment,
for instance. It occurs to me that to do such a job alone, which
is the way Don does it 95 per cent of the time, might get rather
boring.
"A lot of problems get solved sitting behind the wheel of a combine,"
says Don. "You've got a lot of time to think."
Despite all the belts, gears and whirlygigs beneath us, it's surprisingly
quiet in the cab -- certainly no louder than being inside a car on
the highway. Like many modern combines, this one has a cassette
stereo Don uses to listen to a local oldies station. But the volume's
always low. The reason for this becomes apparent just before 6 p.m.,
when Don detects an unusual sound within the normal hum of the machinery.
It's a trained ear at work here, because I hear nothing unusual.
Don turns off the combine and hops down onto the ground to take
a look.
"You've got to stay focused on what you're doing because if you
daydream, bad things can happen," says Don. "The combine is what
earns your income and if, by listening, you can catch a problem
before it becomes serious, you can save yourself a lot of time and
money."
What Don finds is bad news. We've broken the "feeder chain", which
carries the cut plants from the header to the concave. He estimates
we could be out of commission for several hours.
We walk back to Don's half-ton to return to his parent's farm for
food and tools. And Don begins whistling -- I can't quite believe
my ears.
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When
the combine hopper is full, we transfer the grain into a truck
and keep on rollin'. |
"It does no good to fly off the handle," he says. "People are counting
on me to get this crop off the field. This just means I'll have
to work a couple extra hours into the night."
It's a display of patience and self-control that must be typical
in the farming world. I recall my father-in-law merely shrugging
his shoulders and continuing his meal, after telling us a fairly
large parcel of his land had been completely flattened by hail.
By the time we get rolling again it's 9:30 p.m., the sun long ago
having slipped below the western horizon. Bright halogen lights,
maybe 10 of them, light up both the header and the ground in front
of us. I've seen these alien-looking, brightly-lit machines roaming
the fields late into the autumn night while driving by on a nearby
road. Now I'm part of it.
The dust from the chaff is blasting all around us. The lights are
almost totally ineffective, like car lights in a downpour. Don stands
up, gestures towards the driver's seat and says to me: "There you
go."
Well, I've been watching him do this all day, I tell myself. It
shouldn't be that tough.
I quickly discover combining requires my total focus. The only
adjustment that needs to be made, providing all is running smoothly,
is the raising and lowering of the header to adjust to the contour
of the land. Still, I marvel at how easily Don chatted with me while
skillfully maneuvering the machine. Apparently more than 20 years of farming
accounts for something.
My mind is racing as I repeatedly but slowly raise and lower the
header to avoid forgetting which way is up and which down. Don is
surprisingly quiet. Except for the occasional suggestion, he seems
content to let the rookie handle this very expensive piece of machinery.
Extraneous details flood into my mind: The green LED speedometer
display reads 2.8 miles per hour as Mick and the boys sing Jumpin'
Jack Flash on the oldies station. I laugh out loud and tell Don
how weird, but fun, this all seems to me. "It's a gas, gas, gas.
. ." I sing to myself.
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Repairing
equipment on the run is an inevitable part of harvest. |
I'm not sure how long Don let me operate the combine - it seemed
like about half an hour. But I know that when it was over I felt
drained -- biology-exam drained.
Don took over and we combined into the night, chatting all the
while, until the crop started to get slippery around 5 a.m. During
harvest, which typically runs from mid August to late October, Don
averages about four hours of sleep a night. Tonight, or rather this
morning, he plans to get just a couple before coming back to finish
this field.
"I don't even bother wearing a watch," he says as we're driving
home, the sun's rays peeping above the eastern horizon. "Time is
of no importance during harvest. When you're finished, you're finished."
I was definitely finished.
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